Childhood Cancer in Kenya: Understanding Burkitt Lymphoma

Burkitt Lymphoma in Kenyan Children: What Every Parent Should Know

Burkitt lymphoma is the most common childhood cancer in Kenya, yet very few parents know about it. It affects thousands of children under the age of 10, especially in malaria-prone areas. Early diagnosis and treatment can save lives, but delayed awareness often leads to poor outcomes.

This article is here to bridge the information gap.

🧠 What is Burkitt Lymphoma?

Burkitt lymphoma is a fast-growing cancer of the lymphatic system. It develops from B-cells, a type of white blood cell that helps fight infection. The cancer is named after Dr. Denis Burkitt, who first identified it in Uganda in the 1950s.

There are three types:

• Endemic Burkitt lymphoma: Common in sub-Saharan Africa (including Kenya)
• Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma: Found in other parts of the world
• Immunodeficiency-associated: Often in children with weakened immune systems (e.g., HIV)

🚨 Why It Matters in Kenya

• Kenya’s western and coastal regions (e.g., Kisumu, Homa Bay, Mombasa) see more cases due to malaria exposure.
• Up to 80% of childhood cancer cases in some hospitals are Burkitt lymphoma.
• Early detection can lead to 90%+ survival, but most cases are diagnosed late.

🔍 Symptoms of Burkitt Lymphoma in Children

Burkitt lymphoma progresses quickly. Look out for:

• Swelling of the jaw or face
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, groin, or armpits
• Abdominal swelling or pain
• Unexplained weight loss
• Night sweats or fever
• Fatigue or paleness

These symptoms may be confused with infections, dental issues, or malaria.

🧪 How Is It Diagnosed?

Diagnosis often requires:

• Physical exam and symptom history
• Biopsy: Taking a sample of the swollen area
• Blood tests
• Ultrasound or CT scan to check internal organs

Referral to a specialist or major hospital (e.g., Kenyatta National Hospital, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital) is often needed.

🏥 Treatment Options in Kenya

Burkitt lymphoma is aggressive but responds well to chemotherapy. Treatment may include:

• Cyclophosphamide-based protocols (e.g., COM)
• IV hydration and nutritional support
• Monitoring for side effects like infection

Some hospitals and NGOs provide free or subsidized treatment, especially in government facilities or cancer foundations.

💰 Cost and Access to Care

• NHIF covers part of the treatment at public facilities.
• Referral delays and lack of transport prevent timely care.
• Some children rely on donor programs or NGO support (e.g., Tumaini la Maisha, Hope for Cancer Kids Kenya).

⚠️ Barriers to Early Diagnosis

• Myths and stigma: Some parents think it’s witchcraft or a dental infection
• Limited awareness: Few parents have heard of Burkitt lymphoma
• Long distances to specialized hospitals
• Few trained pediatric oncologists in the country

🧠 Common Myths vs Facts

Myth: Swelling of the jaw is caused by evil spirits or teething.
Fact: It could be a sign of Burkitt lymphoma and needs urgent medical attention.

Myth: Childhood cancer is always fatal.
Fact: Burkitt lymphoma is highly curable if treated early.

Myth: Only adults get cancer.
Fact: Children can develop various cancers, and Burkitt lymphoma is the most common in Kenya.

📣 Real Stories

“My son had swelling on his jaw. We thought it was a dental issue. Only after we went to Kisumu Referral Hospital did we learn it was Burkitt lymphoma.” — A mother from Siaya

“Thanks to early chemotherapy at MTRH, my daughter is now cancer-free.” — Parent from Eldoret

🙋 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Is Burkitt lymphoma painful?
Swelling may or may not be painful but should never be ignored.

Can it be cured?
Yes. With early chemotherapy, children have a 70–90% chance of full recovery.

Is it contagious?
No. It is not spread from child to child.

Where can I get help?
Start at your nearest county referral hospital. Ask for pediatric cancer screening. You can also contact KENCO or Hope for Cancer Kids.

✅ How Parents Can Take Action

• Learn the early signs of Burkitt lymphoma
• Take unexplained swellings seriously
• Seek referral to major hospitals with oncology units
• Support awareness in your community
• Encourage screening in schools or clinics

📌 Conclusion

Burkitt lymphoma is a fast-growing but highly treatable cancer in children. Every parent in Kenya should know the signs and where to seek help. Through awareness and action, we can save lives and give hope to families across the country.

Share this with another parent today. You could save a life.

Reviewed by Afyayangu Editorial Team | Learn more about us here