Gestational Diabetes in Kenya – Symptoms, Diet, Treatment & Prevention

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops only during pregnancy. It affects how your body processes sugar (glucose) and, if not managed properly, can lead to serious complications for both mother and baby. In Kenya, many pregnant women are not routinely tested, meaning this condition often goes unnoticed until problems arise. This article explains everything a Kenyan mother needs to know about gestational diabetes — from symptoms and risks to safe foods and medical care.

What Is Gestational Diabetes?

Gestational diabetes occurs when pregnancy hormones interfere with insulin — the hormone that controls blood sugar. As a result, sugar builds up in the blood instead of being used for energy. This can happen even if you’ve never had diabetes before.

Who Is at Risk in Kenya?

• Women over 30 years old
• Previous large baby (over 4 kg)
• Family history of diabetes
• Previous pregnancy with gestational diabetes
• Overweight before pregnancy
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Common Symptoms

Most women with gestational diabetes have no symptoms. But when they occur, they include:

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Infections (especially vaginal or bladder)

How Is It Diagnosed?

Doctors screen for gestational diabetes using a blood sugar test between 24–28 weeks of pregnancy. In Kenya, you can get tested in many clinics and hospitals. If your glucose levels are high, a second test called the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is done to confirm.

Is It Dangerous?

Yes. If not treated, gestational diabetes can lead to:

• High birth weight (macrosomia)
• Premature birth
• Cesarean delivery
• Low blood sugar in newborns
• Stillbirth in severe cases
• Increased risk of type 2 diabetes later in life (for both mother and child)

Managing Gestational Diabetes

Good management helps avoid complications. Your care team may include a doctor, nurse, and nutritionist.

• Healthy eating: Avoid sugary foods, processed carbs, and sodas.
• Exercise: Walking 30 minutes daily can help control blood sugar.
• Monitor blood sugar: Regular tests help track changes.
• Medication: Some women may need insulin or tablets if diet alone is not enough.

Recommended Diet for Kenyan Mothers

• Brown ugali or brown rice instead of white
• Vegetables like sukuma wiki, kunde, and spinach
• Lean proteins: eggs, beans, fish, or grilled chicken
• Healthy snacks: groundnuts, avocado, or sugar-free yogurt
• Drink water instead of juice or soda

Tips for Living Healthy During Pregnancy

• Take your prenatal vitamins
• Eat small meals more often
• Sleep at least 7 hours per night
• Stay active but avoid heavy lifting
• Don’t skip clinic visits

Real Stories from Kenyan Women

“I didn’t even know I had gestational diabetes until my baby was born very big. The doctor later explained what happened. I now tell other women to get checked.” — Wanjiku, Kiambu

“When they told me I had high sugar, I panicked. But with help from my clinic, I changed my food and gave birth safely.” — Asha, Garissa

Will It Go Away After Delivery?

In most cases, yes. Blood sugar returns to normal after the baby is born. But some women remain at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future, so follow-up checkups after delivery are important.

Conclusion

Gestational diabetes can be scary, but with the right care and support, Kenyan mothers can have a safe pregnancy and healthy baby. Early testing, lifestyle changes, and clinic visits make all the difference. Don’t wait — talk to your doctor today.

Need screening or advice? Visit your local health center or call the Ministry of Health on 0800 721 316 for guidance on managing blood sugar during pregnancy.